Rottweiler Puppy rottweiler breeder rottweiler puppy for sale rottweiler german rottweilers rottweiler puppies german rottweiler puppy rottweiler breeders german rottweiler for sale ambassedorrottweilers.com

Male Reproductive Anatomy

Female Reproductive Anatomy

Much of the male dog's reproductive anatomy is visible on the outside, whereas the female's are hidden.
He should have 2 testicles carried down in the scrotal sac.
If a male dog has none or only one testicle he should be neutered (altered) immediately, as soon as he is old enough to handle the surgery.
Retained testicles are not normal, and are caused by a genetic defect and can cause many problems inside the body.
A dog with a single visible testicle can manufacture sperm, breed and reproduce but the genetic defect will be passed on to his puppies which is highly undesireable.
The undescended testicle cannot store live sperm. The normal body temperature kills the sperm, and also the undescended testicle is usually very small and under-developed.

The testicles (testes) hold the sperm for reproduction.
The bulk of the sperm (semen) is produced by the Prostate gland.
The sperm, looking like Tadpoles and very temperature sensitive, are stored in the testicles which are held in the sac away from the body.
Body heat as well as cold will kill sperm.
In the summer time, the scrotal sac is carried lower from the body to keep the sperm cooler.
In the winter, the sac is carried higher, closer to the body, to again control the temperature of the sperm.
A healthy dog will have 250 million to more than a billion sperm in one ejaculate of spermatic fluid.
Not all the sperm are healthy. Some may have deformed heads or tails, or missing tails and other deformities. Some swim in circles instead of going forward.
However, only 1 healthy sperm, swimming up the vagina, propelled by its rapidly moving tail to the Fallopian tube and penetrating the bitch's egg, will result in a puppy.
The extra sperm, if not required by an egg, will die in about 4 days.

The penis, much like the human male, is used for passing urine and for transmission of semen.
It differs from the human penis in that the dog's penis actually has a small bone in it, as well as a bulb near the base on either side, which swells 5 times its size with blood, once the dog has his penis inside the bitch and begins 'thrusting' in preparation to ejaculate.
This bulbous, along with the female's vaginal muscle, ensures that the 'tie' cannot be broken until all the semen is pumped from both testicles, which happens as alternative spurts from each teste.
Once the tie has occurred, you MUST WAIT until the female relaxes her vaginal 'locking' muscle and breaks the tie to release the male.
If you attempt to pull them apart, you will cause serious pain and damage to both the male and the female dog.
Pulling them apart will not prevent a pregnancy.
By the time the female has 'tied' the dog, he has already ejaculated and enough of the sperm are on their way to the fallopian tubes, (where her eggs wait to be impregnated) to make a pregnancy.
The 'tie' only assures that the seminal fluid - the ejaculate - will not leak back out and the slower sperm have a chance to swim up to the fallopian tubes.
Normally, the sheath which covers the penis will slide back over the penis once the swelling is down.
Occasionally, however, it does not slide back on its own, and can cause extreme pain to the dog and serious veterinary problems.
If you are present when a mating has taken place, always make sure that the sheath is back in place. If not, you must 'snap it back'.

Now that you know how many sperm and puppies a dog can make in 24 - 36 hours, as a responsible owner, you will make sure he is neutered as soon as the Veterinarian feels it is safe. Neutering does NOT change his temperament, and will not make him fat.
Diet and exercise control are in your hands.

Female dogs (correctly called bitches) have 3, 4 or 5 pairs of breasts (mammary glands ) placed in two rows running up the sides of their abdomen from the groin to the chest for nursing puppies.
The number varies and one side can have one or two more than the other side.
The nipples on a female who has not yet had her first heat are quite small, but they swell with the first heat and never return to 'puppy size'.
If the bitch has been bred and is pregnant, then about 35 days after the mating the nipples will turn a deep pink colour and will begin to enlarge.
The mammary glands produce the milk to feed the puppies and amazingly enough they manage to manufacture the right supply to meet the demand.
Bitches who are extremely maternal have been known to produce milk for a starving pup or another animal baby even though they are not pregnant or nursing their own litter.
The mammary glands are prone to cancerous tumors because of the estrogen produced.
Once the bitch has been "spayed", (fixed or altered) the source of the estrogen has been removed and the chance of breast cancer developing is greatly reduced.

The vagina opening is quite small on a puppy too, and enlarges with the onset of heat and never returns to "puppy size", but it does decrease in size after the heat is finished.
The vagina inside the dog is NOT a straight tube.
The first 1 - 2 inches of the vagina (depending on the size of the dog) is at a 45 degree upward angle and then it levels out and runs about another 3 - 4 inches ending at the 'cervix' - the bottom end of the uterus.
Also, inside the vagina, partway up, is the opening to the bladder - the tiny urethral opening, which allows the urine to run out of the vagina.
Inside the vagina, as well, is a very strong ring of muscles, placed at about where the angle of the vagina changes.
These muscles have a purpose.
Once the male has entered the vagina, the bitch tightens these muscles to hold the penis in place.
This 'tightening action' creates what is commonly known as a 'tie'.
Once the tie has occurred, you MUST WAIT until the female relaxes the muscle and breaks the tie to release the male.
If you attempt to pull them apart, you will cause serious pain and damage to both the male and the female dog.
Pulling them apart will not prevent a pregnancy.
By the time the female has 'tied' the dog, he has already ejaculated and enough of the sperm are on their way to the fallopian tubes, (where her eggs wait to be impregnated) to make a pregnancy.
The 'tie' only assures that the seminal fluid - the ejaculate - will not leak back out and the slower sperm have a chance to swim up to the fallopian tubes.

The uterus in the female dog is not like a human uterus which is pear shaped.
The dog uterus is Y shaped.
The base of the Y is the cervix, which is usually tightly closed to prevent infection from getting into the uterus.
It opens for the birthing of puppies.
The two arms of the Y is where the whelps (puppies) develop, each in its own individual compartment.
The 2 fallopian tubes sort of dangle over from the top of each arm of the Y and are each attached to the 2 ovaries where the eggs are made and then released to the fallopian tubes when the egg is mature.
The eggs are not released all at once by the ovary to the fallopian tube.
Bitches are multiple ovulators, which means that they make several eggs, and release them over a period of several hours, or even a day or so.
It is the bitch who determines the number of puppies to be born.
The male - the dog - determines the sex of the puppy.
The ovaries not only make the eggs, they also produce the estrogen and the progesterone hormones.
Surgical removal of the ovaries (spaying) therefore prevents the egg production as well as the cancer causing estrogen.
The uterus and fallopian tubes are removed at the same time as the ovaries.
Spaying is an operation requiring an anaesthetic and stitches to close the abdominal imcision. The dog needs recovery time, but she recovers her activity level much faster than a human and do not seem to have the same pain level that humans have.

Do everyone a favour and have your female dog spayed before she has her first heat unless she is a wonderful specimen of the breed and should reproduce or you want to 'show' her at a dog show.
Spaying does NOT change her temperament, and will not make her fat.
Diet and exercise control are in your hands as are unwanted or unplanned puppies.
Please take a minute to watch this brief video. Fate of a Dog. Although it is relating to the Humane Society in Atlanta, the problem of unwanted or too many dogs is world-wide.

*Digestive System - Mouth*	*Digestive System - Teeth*
Digestive System - Esophagus	*Digestive System - Stomach*
*Digestive System - Small Intestine*	*Digestive System - large Intestine & Anus*
*Digestive System - Anus*	*Digestive System - Pancreas*
*Digestive System - Liver*	*Dog - Skull* The Dog Skull is made up of 50 bones fused together to form a very complex structure. The purpose of the skull is to house the major sense organs for sight, smell, hearing, taste, equilibrium and also to house the brain. It provides attachment for the teeth, tongue, larynx plus a host of muscles. The sense organs are near the brain because of the need to convey large amounts of information and a shorter distance means faster communication and less signal degredation. The sense organs are also close together to allow one to guide the other of sources of input. When considering the skull it should be noted that it varies in shape and size more than any other part of the skeleton.
Female Reproductive System	Male Reproductive Penis
Organs & Skeleton	Skeletal Structure
Ongile - claw & toe